Characteristics Of Being A Good And Efficient Leader

Characteristics Of Being A Good And Efficient Leader The definition of a leader has been defined by different people with different ways. Thus, what is the concrete definition of the word leader? Each of us will have our own different answer. In dictionary, the word leader has been defined as a person who influences a group of people. For me, leader is a captain of a group or a person who is able to organise, manage, make decision, analyse, negotiate, i Identify source of problem, solve problem, and train junior. A qualified leader at least must have good leadership and good relationship to ensure that his group is working well and smooth. Leadership is very important for a qualified leader, because leadership affects the performance of a team, an excellent leadership will improve a team performance. The relationship between leader and his team members is quite important for a qualified leader as well, because a good relationship will help the leader to communicate to his team members easily and send right massage to his team members. In fact, a team leader takes on the leadership role in his team. He or she has to direct, supervise, guide and instruct the team. These are the duties of a team leader to promote unity of his team and to ensure that his team to function as good as possible. As a leader, he or she inspires the team to action in anytime. Therefore, the team leader is the line of communication from upper management to tea m members. The leader completes his teams quality and advises his team members if there are rooms for improvement. Actually, characteristics of a good leader is a hot and interested topic. Online search found a lot of web sites are listing that Characteristics of a good and efficient leader. Why? Because a good leader will influences the performance of a team. No matter it is global leadership, corporate leadership or even a team leadership, the basic traits of a good leader are necessary and ordinary. Some additional positive characteristics may be required, just depending on their field of work or circumstance. Firstly, the essential characteristic of a good leader is self leadership, it is one of the essential characteristics and also is probably the most important characteristic of an efficient leader. It indicates that when a leader guides himself towards excellence, he will able to lead his followers on the same time as well. Beside that is personal leadership, personal leadership is the desire of one to take charge of his own life. Personal leadership is also about always becoming a good follower of his own principles. It is motivational leadership and all leaders must have. Thus, confidence is required and it automates confidence to be another characteristic. A leader must believes his own abilities, unless he ensures that he can not to guide his team effectively or actually he has no abilities to guide a team. The team members will be highly motivated to do a good job when the leader is confident in his or her abilities and themselves at the same time. So that, enthusiastic will be a nother characteristic. Why say so? Because, if the good leader is enthusiastic about his work, cause and also his role of leader, the leader will able to guide his team effectively. A leader needs to be a source of inspiration and to be a motivator to his team members. Even though the responsibilities and roles of a leader may be different, but all kinds of leader should not be afraid to roll up their sleeves and get dirty. In addition, a leader must ability to think and analyse, all leaders must able to analyse problem of source, take corrective action to solve problems and move on to the next challenge. That is why an analytic mind is needed. A good leader is necessary to be knowledgeable about his field of work, because knowledgeable leader will be able to guide and solve problems when he is thorough with his field of work. This is also an important characteristic for leadership. Another characteristic of a leader is strategic of leadership, this is an important leadership skill. It includes planning and organizing of activities allotment of tasks and effective time management. A good strategic leadership can influence the performance of leader. To lead a team, the leader must be trustworthy. Actually, a true leader cannot exist if he or she does not get the trust of followers. It means that honesty and integrity are necessary. Without integrity and honesty, followers will feel that they must not fol low the leader. As a good leader, they must have good practices. So, trustworthiness is an essential characteristic, all leaders should based on the trust of other people. Furthermore, being congruent will become a characteristic of a leader. A leader who wants to guide his followers, he has to obtain the trust of followers first. Congruency means all your thoughts, words and actions are entirely aligned. A leader should be able to convince his followers successfully and make his followers understand what their have to change. Moreover, a good leader must have good attitude, even in the worst of situations. He should instill the same on his followers by appropriate motivation or solving problem techniques. Attitude of a leader is a very important determinant in the successful overcoming of leadership challenges. The last essential characteristic of leader is respect. It is necessary and it must be mutual, respect must not be restricted only from the followers to the leader. All team members should be respected, if the leader sets an example for this, all the team members will follow undoubtedly. This must be a vital and important characteristic of a strong leader. In conclusion, these characteristic which just described are essential for a good leader. They can be native traits but they can also be developed and strengthened. No matter these characteristics are natural or developed, a good leader must always ensure to make the best of these traits and to achieve excellence. A good leader does not consider himself is the boss when he is working. A leader needs rather to view him as part of the team, equal to all other group members. Leaders should consider themselves as part of the team to obtain the respect of their team members. Followers will be more willing to help the leader and try to give the best as they have, they will have a sense that the team is one and everyone is in together. Question 2 Describe the qualities you will feel justified in calling an individual a successful person. How does a person can be defined successful? This is a confusable question. Why say so? Because, different peoples will have different answers, they have their own answer about how does a person can be defined successful. No matter adults or children, all of them will have the same deep appetency in their life which is to be successful in their life. In our daily life, we ceaselessly experience successful and unsuccessful, but most of us still do not know what successful really is. Usually, successful can be defined as an achievement of desired, feeling of pleasure or enjoyment. We can achieve success either from wealth, career, health, material things, relationship, power or discoveries. Some people will say that making a lot of money every month is successful, because they see wealth as a source of successful and they think that they can solve problem by money. But, some people say that wealth is not successful and not all in their life because cannot solve the entire problem. They think that career success is the true successful, career success can give them guarantee. Besides that, some people will say that they find success in bringing up their children. By contrast, some people describe success as helping other people who need to help. They need to feel that they are doing something useful with their lives to other people, concentrating on giving and helping can afford them this feeling and also help themselves achieve successful. For me, a successful person is who believes in hard work. An example of successful person is Bill Gate because Bill Gate is the person who believes in hard work, he also believes that if you are clever and know how to make use of your intelligence, you will be able to achieve anything. Those qualities helped him to get top in their life. After Bill Gates dropped out from Harvard, Bill Gates formed Microsoft. Vision of Microsoft is A computer on every desk and Microsoft software on every computer. Bill Gates is visionary and he will work very hard to achieve his vision and what he wants. If you believe in hard work, you can to achieve anything, if without believing in yourself you already lose the game. In everything you do, you must with full of confidence. A person who is successful, they must able to make decisions, take action, differentiate right or wrong action, they should take it. Actually, either way is better than making no decisions or taking no actions at all. As Franklin Roosevelt said: It is a common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something. Moreover, a person who is successful must have positive attitude, because a negative attitude can very damaging to a person. If the person is thinking positive, mean that he opens new doors every day. It can open your mind to accept ideas and create great relationships. In addition, I think that a successful person must be able to redefine failure. A successful person, you should also to be brave to take the risk to solve problems when you are facing in the future. As a successful person do not easy to give up and we have to remember never give up and do not be afraid to facing any challenges. For example, the world class badminton player of Malaysia Dato Lee Chong Wei, he will just concentrates on the badminton when the adversary strikes back to him. Every day he will a lot of training and ceaselessly improves himself. He will know what should do and what should not to do in their daily life. Thus, he must have wholehearted. To be enthusiastic about what you do. Be committed to your life and everything that you set out to accomplish in your life and also devote yourself to your family, friends, and community. To commit yourself being the best that you can be. Why are there only a few people successful in the world? It means that only few of us are really achieve success in life? That was they give up easily. Try to succeed and do not give up. In conclusion, I will think that a person who is successful must believe in hard work and never stop to try your best for being a successful person. No matter you measure successful by wealth, career, health, material things, relationship, power or discoveries. To be enthusiastic about what you should do and put your effort in everything to hit the objective that you want to hit. Whether you are successful or not, the essence is you must be respectful and have good manners although others around you may not. It is the most important and interesting. If you are true successful person, you have to start the way to success and try to his best day by day.

Quiz: Emotion and Job Satisfaction

Quiz one Part I Multiple choices [email  protected] 1. What are the three primary determinants of behavior that organizational behavior focuses upon? a. profit structure, organizational complexity, job satisfaction b. individuals, profit structure, and job satisfaction c. individuals, groups, and job satisfaction d. groups, structure, and profit structure e. individuals, groups, and structure 2. Which of the following is an example of being an efficient company? a. operating at the lowest possible cost while yielding a higher output b. reating the highest customer satisfaction ratings c. meeting the production schedule d. obtaining the highest market share e. maximizing diversity at high cost 3. _____ is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirement, but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization. a. Productivity b. Motivation c. Organizational citizenship d. Organizational behavior e. Corporate strategy 4. Jan is a security officer. Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at any given time.She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch, which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. Jan becomes frustrated with those employees. She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors. In the above scenario, what is the behavioral component of Jan’s attitude to the employees who did not sign out of the office? a. Jan believes that it is important that she know exactly who is in the office at any given time. b. Jan notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch. . Jan finds it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. d. Jan becomes frustrated with those employees who do not sign out of the office. e. Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out, and reports them to their supervisors. 5. The belief that â€Å"violence is wrong† is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the _____ component of an attitude. a. cognitive b. affective c. reflective d. behavioral e. reactive 6. Festinger argued that cognitive dissonance is _____. a. monotonous b. confounding c. physically painful . exhausting e. unpleasant 7. The following are possible actions that an individual may take if they behave in a way that is inconsistent with an attitude that they hold: I: change the behavior II: change the attitude III: rationalize the behavior IV: ignore the inconstancy Which of these actions are the most likely to be taken? a. Either I, or II b. Either III or IV c. One of I, II or III d. One of I, III or IV e. One of II, III or IV 8. Which of the following is not a moderating variable of the A-B relationship? a. direct experience b. consistency c.Correspondence to behavior d. accessibility e. importance 9. The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if the attitude_____. a. refers to something tha t the individual has direct personal experience with b. must be defended against the attitudes of society at large c. is perceived to be of little importance d. is related to organizational structure e. is not regularly discussed and examined 10. Job satisfaction is best described as _____. a. a result b. a value c. an attitude d. causing high performance e. a valued discipline Read also Quiz Week 411.The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is _____. a. job satisfaction b. job involvement c. job stability d. organizational commitment e. social embeddedness 12. Which of the following statements would have been most likely made by an employee with a high degree of job involvement? a. â€Å"My skills make me exceptionally valuable to the company. † b. â€Å"I’m a harder worker than most of my colleagues, even to the degree I am carrying some of the lazier ones. c. â€Å"It felt great to get promoted; I guess the guys upstairs really did appreciate the way I had been running things. † d. â€Å"I love my job. It is engaging, pays well, and is low pressure, enough that I don’t have to be always worrying about it in my time off. † e. â€Å"I enjoy working with my hands, so much so that on the days when my job requires me to actually physically build something time flies by without me even noticing it. † 13. Attending union meetings as a response to dissatisfaction would be what type of response? a. exit b. voice c. loyalty d. eglect e. reification 14. Compared to people who have a negative core self-evaluation, people who have a positive core self evaluation ________. a. are less satisfied with their jobs b. see their work as less challenging c. see their work as less fulfilling d. are less likely to gravitate toward challenging jobs e. are less likely to give up when confronting difficulties 15. Which of the following statements is not true? a. Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. b. Dissatisfied customers can increase an employee’s job dissatisfaction. c.In service organizations, customer retention and defection are highly dependent on how front-line employees deal with customers. d. Satisfied employees are likely to be more productive. e. The mo st effective way to improve job satisfaction is a raise in pay. 16. Which of the following statements is true? a. Affect is a type of emotion. b. Affect is a type of mood. c. Affect can be experienced as a mood or an emotion. d. Affect is the result of conscious thought and action. e. Affect is the result of a mood or an emotion. 17. Which of the following is not one of the six universal emotions, as agreed upon by most contemporary researchers? . anger b. fear c. hate d. sadness e. happiness 18. Ben is very prone to experiencing emotions in a much stronger manner than most other people. Things that wouldn’t provoke any significant emotional response in the average person often send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. Ben has a high level of which of the following? a. introversion b. negative affect c. extraversion d. positive affect e. affect intensity 19. If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions, which of the following is being expressed? a. motional labor b. negative synergy c. dissonance d. emotional intelligence e. deviance 20. Julie smiles and acts politely towards a customer at her checkout, even though she really deeply dislikes this customer. What is the likely result of the disparity between the emotion Julie displays and the emotions she is actually experiencing? a. felt emotions b. emotional dissonance c. conditional emotional response d. emotional distance e. emotional exposure 21. What do you call the practice of modifying one’s true inner feelings based on display rules? a. surface acting b. deep acting c. motional subterfuge d. affective camouflage e. repressed affection 22. For jobs that are cognitively demanding, increasing emotional demands lead to _____ pay. For jobs that are not cognitively demanding, increasing emotional demands lead to _____ pay. a. higher; higher b. lower; lower c. higher; lower d. lower; higher e. There is no relationship between pay and em otional demands. 23. What is the name of the theory that has demonstrated that employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work and that this reaction influences their job performance and satisfaction? . psychoanalytic theory b. the actor/observer bias c. the theory of planned behavior d. cognitive dissonance theory e. affective events theory 24. Tests of affective events theory have not shown which of the following to be true? a. Both current and past emotions influence job satisfaction at any given time. b. An emotional episode contains elements of both emotions and mood cycles. c. Moods and emotions fluctuate over time so their effect on performance also fluctuates. d. Positive emotions have a strong positive influence on job performance. . Emotion-driven behaviors are typically short in duration and of high variability. 25. Which of the following is a person’s ability to be self-aware, detect emotions in others, and manage emotional cues and information? a. emotional intelligence b. affective events theory c. emotional external constraints d. affective emotions e. cognition Part II short answers 12. [email  protected] 1What is the difference between felt emotions and displayed emotions? 2. List and explain the four ways employees can express job dissatisfaction.

Great Gatsby is a tragic hero Essay

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is a classic American tragedy. The novel has all the basic elements necessary to classify a story as a tragedy: a tragic hero, his character flaw, and a twist of fate which results in the hero’s ultimate destruction. Jay Gatsby is the doomed tragic hero, blinded by his irrational dream to relive the past. Fate interferes in the form of the unexpected manslaughter of one character’s mistress by his wife. All these facets of the story come together to cause the end of Gatsby. In order for a character to be defined as a tragic hero, he must be noble in character. Jay Gatsby demonstrates this in his devotion to Daisy Buchanan, whom he has been preparing for a re-encounter with for the past 5 years. When he finally finds himself in her presence again, â€Å"†¦there were twinkle-bells of sunshine in the room, he smiled like a weather man, like an ecstatic patron of recurrent light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He talks with Daisy, and even after 5 whole years of building her up in his mind, he is still very much in love with her. â€Å"†¦[After speaking with her,] there was a change in Gatsby that was simply confounding. He literally glowed; without a word or a gesture of exultation a new well-being radiated from him and filled the room.† He loves her, everything he does is for her, and there is no characteristic more noble than true love and devotion. The very denotation of a tragic hero is a noble person with a tragic flaw which helps to bring about his downfall, and which may cause the hero to make poor decisions. Mr. Gatsby’s character flaw is his enduring dream of finding Daisy, the woman he met and fell in love with before he was sent to fight in World War I, and reuniting with her. When they met, he was a poor nobody and she was a member of the old-money elite, a match that they both knew could not possibly work. So, even though he knew she was married, when Jay came back from the war, he devoted his life to reinventing himself to make himself good enough for her. â€Å"Out of the corner of his eye Gatsby saw that the blocks of the sidewalks really formed a ladder and mounted to a secret place above the trees — he could climb to it, if he climbed alone, and once there he could suck on the pap of life, gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder.† Basically, his pure, true love for Daisy was reinforced with obsession and encased in determination and wrapped in everything he  could find to make it real again. His love for Daisy outweighed any kind of reality to the point where he could no longer distinguish fact from fiction. â€Å"It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart.† Fate, with the tragic flaw, plays the principal role in the undoing of the protagonist. In The Great Gatsby, the turn of fate is when Daisy, driving Gatsby’s car with him in the passenger seat, hits and instantly kills Myrtle Wilson, and in a panic flees the scene, too shaken to stop the car. Myrtle Wilson happens to be the woman who Daisy’s husband tom has been cheating on her with, and Myrtle’s husband George Wilson witnesses the accident. He sees his wife killed by someone driving Gatsby’s car. He find out that the car belongs to Gatsby, who he has never met before, and assumes that it was he who had so violently and recklessly killed his wife. George, in a state of grief-stricken insanity, kills Jay Gatsby in his own backyard the very next day. It didn’t happen a moment too soon, either. The quality of Gatsby’s life had been deteriorating at an exponential rate, ironically, since his dream had come true. Becoming involved with Daisy at this point was upsetting his life — he had learned firsthand of the shortcomings of the woman he loved, had witnessed her weaknesses. It was tearing him up inside that he had spent half a decade on something that would be mostly detrimental to him in the end. â€Å"†¦perhaps he no longer cared. If that was true he must have felt that he had lost the old warm world, paid a high price for living too long with a single dream.† The narrator conjectures of Gatsby that, just before his death, â€Å"He must have looked up at an unfamiliar sky through frightening leaves and shivered as he found what a grotesque thing a rose is and how raw the sunlight was upon the scarcely created grass.† Gatsby’s intentions were pure, modest, innocent, genuine, but the momentum of his pursuit carried him into trouble when he was forced to stop dreaming because his dream had become reality, a thing to which Gatsby had become unaccustomed after imagining for so long. Once his dream tumbled into a  brick wall and things were sent spinning in disarray, there was no longer a place for Jay Gatsby. He had come to belong only to his dream, and was consumed by it. â€Å"†¦Gatsby turned out all right at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.†

Happiness and Epicurus Essay examples - 1438 Words

Epicureanism is a philosophy developed the teachings and ideals of a man named Epicurus. Epicureanism is defined by Epicurus as the pleasure for the end of all morality and that real pleasure is attained through a life of prudence, honor, and justice. Epicurus introduced this philosophy around 322 B.C, and two schools established in Athens. Epicurus taught the ethics of his philosophy in his school, that a person should live by the art of making life happy, and that prudence is the noblest part of philosophy(newadvent.org). Epicurus ideals for life intrigued people and they began to think that perhaps the ethics of Epicureanism had some truth behind it; a person should live his/her life to the fullest in order to become happy. Epicurus†¦show more content†¦Thus, the Epicurean way isnt too far from todays world views on how Americans live. Thomas Jefferson, during the history of America, admitted that the teachings of Epicureanism, by saying this quote, Epicureanism and Epicu rus give laws for governing ourselves, Jesus a supplement of the duties and charities we owe to others,(epicurus.net). Through the eyes of the beholder a person can be able to see that Epicureanism, in fact, can be put into the context of life without really thinking about the philosophy. The history of Epicureanism is important for people because his teachings are simple enough to live by, without submitting. The ethics behind Epicureanism are very simple. Epicurus demonstrates that experience shows happiness is not best attained by directly seeking it. The selfish are not more happy but less so than the unselfish. This statement is very powerful for the simple person. Epicurus proves that if a person seeks to be happy he/she usually wont be able to find true happiness. Epicurus states Thus although virtue is inseparable from pleasure and necessary if we are to be happy, it is to be chosen not for its own sake but for the sake of pleasure. Beauty and the virtues and the like are to be honored if they provide pleasure, but, if they do not, we must say goodbye to them.(Intro. Epicurus, 124) HappinessShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Philosophy And Happiness By Epicurus991 Words   |  4 Pages Letter to Menoeceus by Epicurus In this piece of writing Letter to Menoeceus, Epicurus highly emphasized on the importance of philosophy and happiness. To begin with, he encouraged people of all ages, whether young or old, to study philosophy in order to develop better understanding of what desires to fulfill. By philosophy, Epicurus meant a state of mind, based on a realistic worldview that, if its implications were understood, would free people’s minds from superstitious fear and moral anxietyRead MoreAll Great Minds Think Alike...Sometimes Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagescase of great minds like Epicurus (342 – 270 B.C.E.) and Epictetus (50 – 130 C.E.), the road toward their common goal differed. Both Epicurus and Epictetus believe that it is in human nature to seek out pleasure and that happiness implicates serenity. However, Epicurus differs from Epictetus in that Epicurus does not believe that it is the virtues that bring about happiness, but rather, one’s own pleasure. While both Epicurus and Epictetus confer their opinions on happiness, it is consequently apparentRead MoreWhat Makes The Pill?864 Words   |  4 PagesThese are some scenario’s that have a higher chance of occurring if I were to take the happiness pill. 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His goal was to teach all people to find happiness by following his way of life. To this day, there are still many that follow the beliefs of Epicurus. I see some of his beliefs positively and others seem unnecessary. Epicurus did not believe in the supernatural. His beliefs were more about physics, logic, and ethics. To him everything experienced in life happens naturallyRead MoreThe Nature of Death Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the abstract idea of death. Two Hellenistic philosophers Epicurus and Epictetus take very different approaches to prove that death is insignificant and nothing to worry about. Epicurus argues that death is the unequivocal end of our existence, and Epictetus claims it is something that we have no control over. Both examine the nature of death in an attempt to achieve ataraxia or a tranquil state of mind. However, Epicurus and Epictetus fail to address the true emotional nature of death andRead MoreEpicurean Philosophy and its Effects on the World Essay1095 Words   |  5 Pagesvariety that it seemed difficult to choose a path. The founder of Epicureanism, Epicurus, had great contributions to peoples’ finding of a way to live. Epicurus was born in 341 B.C. on the island of Samos. His parents, Neocles and Chaerestrate were among the Athenians who moved to settle in Samos. Epicurus’ father was a schoolmaster, which gave the child his earliest education. It is told that at an early age Epicurus was remarkably curious and independent in his views. At age fourteen he beganRead MoreAristotle s Views On Happiness999 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle, Epicurus, Epictetus, Boethius, Augustine, and Aquinas connected on writing about the phenomenon of human happiness. Through these philosophers, various ideologies on happiness gets to be distinctly conceivable for one to distinguish and recognize the difference between what people think or feel happiness is and what the true state of happiness is. In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle said happiness is the value and reason for every good thing, so happiness is deserving of respect. ForRead More Epicurus Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesEpicurus Epicurus was a philosopher who was believed to be the one with all the answers to life. He encouraged the Ideal of Good Life, to live simple lives by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. Epicurus views worries as unnecessary and unnatural desires. If these desires are avoided, he believes that all worries will be eliminated. Epicurus metaphysical theory was based on Democrituss view of atoms. They were monists who believed all is matter, the soul is equivalent to the mind and

African Studies A Large Part Of The Misconception Of Africa

Stereotypes play a large part of the misconception that the world has on the massive African continent. Africa is not only one of the biggest continents but has a lot of history behind it, this makes people misunderstand the true meaning of Africa as well as Africans. In order to fully grasp the study of Africa, the culture, origins, experiences, environment, etc. of the continent and its people must be studied and understood. (Azevedo 6). Africa’s history is vast and complex continent when compared to the 1st world countries. This makes it difficult for some to comprehend and understand when learning about it. Previous studies of Africa done by specialists mostly took a scientific approach where they try to answer the questions of how, why, who, when, where, and what (Azevedo 7). The answers to these questions incorporate unforeseen behavior of people, which cannot rely on scientific methodologies (Azevedo 7). The errors from early African studies have given generations a mi sconception of Africa’s connection to the outside world. The historical and current stereotypes have led to a flawed view of African economy, politics, culture, and their people. Media typically displays horrendous events happening in Africa which gives the world a false sense of what Africa is and the potential that it has. If that view on Africa is going to change, the western societies must change how they portray Africa in the media and a composite scholarly framework must be established. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Geographic Landscape Of The African Continent1594 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to discussing the geographic landscape of the African continent people are quick to overlook the important role that soil has played in the development of cultures and civilizations in Africa because it can be so easily overshadowed by Africa’s other geographic features such as its rivers, mountains, deserts and grasslands. 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Today, I challenge you to disregard all that you have been told about Africa and understand that it s rich culture and resources have been in place far before most civilizations in the Western Hemisphere. Most citizens in developed countries see starving children who suffer in Africa, pleading for donations, and associate the images they see with helplessness and draw an assumption that the land of Africa is worthless. However, thatRead MoreRites Of Passage, Right Or Wrong1720 Words   |  7 Pagesor Wrong†? Throughout history the term â€Å"rights of passage† has been used to describe the transition of a person into a new stage of their lives. Rites of passage are relevant in every day life all over the world. Most prominently though, Africa has a large population of people whose groups still practice traditional rites of passage to mark special life achievements. 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Dating pre-arrival to America, it is said that some Africans were converted to Islam by Arab invaders during the conquering of North Africa. Between the beginning of the 18th century and the end of the 19th century, an estimated half a million Africans arrived in the U.S. Having an estimated fifteen to thirty percent of slaves arriving as Muslims, Islam was suppressed stronglyRead MoreWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 Pagesideal of relevant culture. Those that are apart of the Pa Dong Tribe, which reside among the boarder of Thailand, practice the elongating of the neck through the use of brass rings. African and Amazonian tribes consider beauty through the stretching of their lips that is achieved using large lip plates. Tribes in Africa strive to achieve a larger body weight by eating over 15,000 calories a day in order to be more desirable partners as well as to gain a higher status. Similarly, in westernized countriesRead MoreWhy Diamonds Are Worth A Diamond1450 Words   |  6 Pagesare a lot of studies dealing with diamonds and the diamond trade. Most of the studies focus mostly on one asp ect of the diamond trade while other show multiple parts of the diamond trade. Some of the studies take into account the area where the diamonds are mined and the how the carat and the cut affect the price. Some of the studies look into the history of how diamond engagement rings became popular and who was responsible for the popularity. The main focus for each of the studies is whether diamondsRead MoreThe Interconnected Nature of Media, Culture and Society Essay example1672 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world. It’s almost impossible these days to have a conversation that doesn’t involve the world of social media. In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and water as it plays a crucial role in strengthening society. Media Studies is a programme that pursues to comprehend how the world can be shaped by media industries and practitioners (Purvis, T. 2006). The role of the media is to give the public all the relevant information and incidences that are occurring around the worldRead MoreThe National Africana Studies Association Essay1988 Words   |  8 Pagesyouth about the complexity, diversity, and pure beauty that is defined by Africa. I have been sent to speak to you by the National Africana Studies Association as part of a campaign to promote the study of â€Å"Africa in the classroom.† Throughout the course of my journey, I’ve seen how obvious it is that the high schoolers across the country have little to no knowledge about Africa. Qui te frankly, I feel that the lack of African knowledge serves as a tremendous disadvantage to an individual by inhibiting

Pastoral Care And Pastoral Counseling Process - 1805 Words

The minister or pastor had many tasks which are preaching, church administration, liturgical leadership and pastoral care. Indeed one of his problems in attaining self-knowledge is the necessity of coming to terms with so many demands and the discrepancy between what he conceives as his chief ministry and the preoccupation with running the church. Two points concerning the vocational aspect of the minister’s self-knowledge need special attention. First, the pastor must work out his definition of what of what is distinctive in his counseling as pastor. Second, the pastor must be a theologian, and the kind of practical theologian who can keep theological concepts in significant relation to human experience. II. Theological reflection on pastoral care and the pastoral counseling process What is the relationship between theology and the work of pastoral care and counseling? The theological reflection on pastoral care and the pastoral counseling process have several directions one may take. I believe that this topic is huge and I am going swam around it because it is not my subject of interest. I believed that theology is the heart which we discourse about God. But remember every one of us have its own theology sort of. Each person has some idea about the nature of the universe, about humanity, and about the purpose of life. Sometimes you may find someone who says that they are an atheist or know about atheist. Somehow they may have been raised in a church but now haveShow MoreRelatedPASTORAL COUNSELOR S IDENTITY AND ETHICS PAPER BClayton1713 Words   |  7 PagesUNIVERSITY PASTORAL COUNSELORS IDENTITY AND ETHICS PAPER A PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR. STEVEN BROOKS PACO 500 INTRODUCTION TO PASTORAL COUNSELING BY BEN CLAYTON JR. DETROIT, MICHIGAN MARCH 22, 2015 Abstract This paper is comprised of information gathered in order establish and identify ethical boundaries and guidelines that are to be adhered by this counselor. This study also includes information that is needed to obtain necessary licensing and training to ensure proper pastoral care training isRead MoreTheological Of Pastoral Care And Pastoral Counseling1354 Words   |  6 Pagestheological of pastoral care and pastoral counseling I will view all the human being as it was written in the beginning with Genesis 1:27: And God created man to his own image: to the image of God he created him: male and female he created them. As I know the creation of human being, therefore, my pastoral care and pastoral counseling will also views all human being as spiritual and bodily creatures created by God. As a result, my priority in pastoral care and pastoral counseling is that I wasRead MorePastoral Reflection paper1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Pastoral Counseling Reflection Paper University Abstract This paper shares a reflection of my pastoral counseling experiences. My experiences have been while serving overseas as a M, along with my time serving at Church as the Assiocate Pastor. In this paper I will share past events and what I have learned from them when it comes to counseling. I will share what I have learned through reading the assignment required by PACO 500 and how it has changed the way I view my past experiencesRead MoreProspects For Future Study1169 Words   |  5 Pageschaplaincy believes is missing and what the comfortability with using pastoral counseling to inoculate Soldiers would be. Regardless of the official military uses for this training, the Project Director believes that a wonderful future direction would be to find a way to take this training and adapt it to train youth ministers, pastors, and any leaders. This would allow senior pastors or other leaders to train ministers to be better pastoral counselors in their own churches with people who have nothingRead MoreFinal Project Essay7836 Words   |  32 PagesSOLUTION-BLESSED BRIEF PASTORAL COUNSELING PROJECT by Amy Tahran L22263350 Presented to John Hobbs, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for PACO 500 Introduction to Pastoral Counseling Liberty Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA 12 August 2011 ABSTRACT For this project, I am placing myself in a hypothetical context as a staff pastoral counselor at my home church in Valley City, ND, serving a congregation of approximately 200. 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Victims who find it difficult to view God as love and sustainer and thus accurately ascribe self-worth may find pastoral assistance helpful. Sin’s distortion of value causes a restructuring of reality into a more tolerable version and â€Å"these postures of refusal and resistance are an idolatrous turn† (Ramsay, 1998, p. 159) away from God. Selfishness, negativity, promiscuityRead MoreCommunication Strategy in Pastoral Counseling2804 Words   |  12 PagesCS in PC 1 Communication Strategy; Use in Pastoral Counseling Rosa Menchen COMM 200 Instructor B. Matts May 24, 2010 CT in PC 2 I not only plan on furthering my career, but attending post graduate school, and obtain a MDiv. My ultimate goal is to become a health care chaplain, and/or an emergency chaplain. Having previous experience in the health care field, as well as a chaplaincy in the American Legion for several years, I have found that pursuit of this goal would not onlyRead MorePACO 500 Identity And Ethics LAT 2 Revised Essay3666 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ PASTORAL COUNSELOR’S IDENTITY AND ETHICS PAPER Lisa A. Thomas Liberty University CONTENTS Abstract 2 Paradigm for Identity and Ethical Boundaries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Potential for Professional Partnerships ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 An Organizations Ethical Guidelines †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Pre-Counseling Package†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 References 10 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Rubric†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MorePastoral Care and Counseling Essay5654 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction Pastoral care and Counseling is one of the important ministries in the Church at any place in the world. Our churches are filled with people who experience crisis, lost, loneliness, anxiety, depression, divorced, and family problems. Pastors have a huge opportunity to help people just by listening and encouraging those in household of faith. In some cases it is just enough to listen and teach biblical principles of living but in the other cases there is the need to be specifically train

Complex Nursing

Question: Case Study Report onthe potential impact of chronic and complex conditions on the patient. Answer: Introduction In medical science, the comorbidity refers to one or more than one additional disorders or diseases co-occurring with a primary disorder or disease. According to ACCORD Study Group (2010), it is found that the comorbidity may include behavioural as well as mental disorders along with several related issues. Although the concept of comorbidity initially indicates an association of other diseases or conditions independently along with another medical condition or disorder, it is found that sometimes the sense of this terminology is overlapped with the concept of complications. In the case of prolonged diabetes mellitus, Group (2010) opined that it is very complicated to measure whether the occurrence of coronary artery disease is independent of the primary disease (diabetes mellitus) or it is the comorbidity of the primary disease. In medical science, the comorbidity can be synonymised as polymorbidity, multimorbidity, polypathy, multifactorial diseases, dual diagnosis and pluralpathology (Scirica et al., 2013). In this article, the researcher aims to identify the comorbidities of type 2 diabetes based on a case study. Over View of the Case Study Luigi (77), a retired old man is living in Australia for 40 years with his wife and a son. His health condition is declining from past 15 years as he is suffering from type 2 diabetes. Although he was consuming metformin 500mg BD, it is found that he is careless about his declining health condition. Luigi never pays attention to his overweight or increasing blood sugar level. It is found that he is also very reluctant about his diet chart. Recently, Luigi noticed that his vision is blurring and ankles are swelling. It is also recognized that his blood pressure has increased, and protein, as well as glucose, is present in his urine sample. Later he is diagnosed with "chronic renal failure." The pathophysiology of chronic and complex conditions and their related clinical manifestations According to Malik et al. (2010), the diabetes mellitus type 2 can be characterized as insulin resistance, high blood sugar as well as the relative lack of insulin. The common symptoms of this disease may include frequent urination, increased thirst, as well as unexplained weight loss. On the other hand, Nouwen et al. (2010) opined in their study that diabetes mellitus type 2 is a heterogeneous syndrome, which can be characterized by abnormalities in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It is also found from the research study that the causes of type 2 diabetes are multifactorial, which may include both environmental as well as genetic elements, which can affect tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas) as these are insulin sensitive. The environmental and genetic factors can also have an impact on the beta-cell function. All though both reduced insulin sensitivity and beta-cell dysfunction play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes, it is found that the res earchers debated about the relative contributions of these two factors to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiology is considered as a junction of physiology with pathology. Pathology is defined by Chen et al. (2012) as the medical discipline, which elaborates conditions typically notices in the period of a disease state. On the other hand, physiology can be best described as the biological discipline, which elaborates mechanisms or process operating within an organism. While discussing the pathophysiology of the type 2 diabetes, it is found that both environmental and genetic factors play an equal role in the occurrence and severity of the disease. However, the mechanisms to control the interplay of environmental factors and the genetic factors are not very clear. Carter et al. (2010) suggested in their research study that there may be some factors that can be possibly linked with beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistances in the context of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. From the study of Ismail-Beigi et al. (2011), it is found that a majority of patients who are suff ering from type 2 diabetes are diagnosed as obese with central visceral adiposity. Therefore, it can be said that the adipose tissue should play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2. One of the most important paradigms used to explain this link is the visceral / portal hypothesis, which plays a key role in the elevation of the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid. Apart from this paradigm, two new paradigms are also discussed among the researchers, such as "ectopic fat storage syndrome" as well as the adipose tissue as endocrine organ hypothesis. The hypothesis of ectopic fat storage syndrome is focused on the deposition of triglycerides in pancreatic cells, liver, and muscle. On the other hand, the adipose tissue as endocrine organ hypothesis includes the secretion of different adipocytokinase such as leptin, resistin, TNF alpha, which take part in beta- cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The comorbidity, which is related to this chronic disease are obesity, glaucoma, chronic kidney failure and high blood pressure. According to Inzucchi et al. (2012), due to type 2 diabetes mellitus the adipose tissues get harmed and lead towards the increase of weight. On the other hand, the study showed that the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also have uncontrolled hypertension as the blood pressure continuously get elevated. According to Qaseem et al. (2012), the kidneys cells are also affected due to type 2 diabetes mellitus and leads to the acute kidney failure. Increasing level of glucose can also affect the retina and cause blurred vision. And last but not the least occurrence of this chronic disease can lead toward the cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cause heart failure. A discussion of the complexity and chronicity of the patients condition Based on the case study it is found that Luigi is suffering from longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (from last 15 years). The health condition of Luigi is continuously declining due to the suffering of type 2 diabetes which is recognised to be a chronic disease. According to Singh et al. (2013), chronicity is considered as a term, which denotes continuance and consistency, in the onset of an illness. It is also found that the chronicity of an illness indicates to the disease, which goes upon for a prolonged treatment. It is found from the research study of Rubino et al. (2010), that diabetes can be considered as a chronic illness, which anchors other illnesses and increases morbidity. Luigi is suffering from this disease for a long time, which has a deep impact on his health. Due to the presence of type 2 diabetes and his negligence he developed other diseases such as chronic kidney failure, glaucoma, high blood pressure as well as overweight. The increasing number of anchored diseases in his body also increased the complexity of his treatment and in his lifestyle. According to Bangalore et al. (2011), it is found that the management of the complex chronic diseases is always difficult as well as critical for the older people. Patient like Luigi, who is suffering from several comorbidities, needs to have special care as well as specific medical attentions. The patients comorbidities According to the case study, Luigi is suffering from a chronic disease (type 2 diabetes mellitus) from past 15 years. As a trained professional nurse, after reviewing his present condition, it can be said that the reason behind the continuous declining of the health of the patient is not only the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus but also the comorbidity-related with this chronic diseases. It is found that Luigi is already suffering from several comorbidities such as glaucoma, dyslipidemia, high blood sugar (hypertension), glucosuria, obesity, cardiovascular disease and acute kidney failure. According to Lee et al. (2011), it is recognized that these comorbidities are the medical conditions that occur and are facilitated by the primary diseases; however, they can also exist as own specific disease. On the other hand, it is also found that it is not necessary that all of the comorbidities should occur in every person who are suffering from the same chronic disease. In this case study it is found that Luigi is suffering from most of the comorbidities of type 2 diabetes but not necessarily all of them. According to the study of Singh et al. (2013), NAFLD (Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is one of the most frequently occurring comorbidity of type 2 diabetes; however, after studying the case study, it is found that Luigi was not suffering from NAFLD. Impact of these conditions on the health of the patient and his family According to Qaseem et al. (2012), the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus not only has an impact on the health of a patient but also has an impact on the social life as it interferes with day to day work of the patient. Luigi is unable to perform the outdoor work, which is evidently not supporting the sustainability of the family. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to elevated blood sugar and eventually welcomes the risk of heart failure, damage of blood vessels, nerves and eyes. According to () fifty per cent of the patients with type 2 diabetes undergo heart stroke. Damage of nerves or neuropathy causes numbness of feets, hands and limbs including pain (Chen et al. 2012). Neuropathy accompanied with reduced blood flow in the feet enhances the possibility of foot ulcers and further limb amputation. Retinopathy was found to be the contributing factor of blindness resulting from damage of retinal blood vessels (Lee et al. 2011). According to (Rubino et al. 2010) about 10 % of patients develop visual impairment after being diagnosed with diabetes for fifteen years. On the other hand, the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbidities of this disease can also have an impact on the family economy. According to Ismail-Beigi et al. (2011), the increasing rate of fees and cost of medicines in Australia for the treatment of diabetes is considered as a burden on the family who has members suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical manifestations and medications of the patients The clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes may firstly, include diagnosis which can be started with blood testing for sugar levels. Secondly, high blood pressure, obesity, decrease sensation in legs, weak pulse rate, ulcers, infections of the feet are the common symptoms that are helpful for diagnosing diabetes. The laboratory tests may include: FPG (fasting plasma glucose), OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test), random blood glucose test, blood creatinine test, and clinical examination for kidney disease and lipid profile of the patient. To control the type 2 diabetes, it is important to follow a proper diet chart and exercise routines. According to Chen et al. (2012), it is found that those patients with type 2 diabetes who are maintaining a good diet chart have improved from their present condition. A healthy diet chart of a person with type two diabetes mellitus should include low cholesterol, less amount of Trans fat, fewer calories and nutritionally balanced food. Apart from these, it is also found that injection of insulin and other medicines such as metformin are essential. Conclusion After analysing the present condition of the patient as described in the case study, it can be said that Luigi is suffering from chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus, which not only has an impact on his health but also in his social life. He is a 77 years old person and therefore he is less potential to fight against this chronic disease. On the other hand, it is also found the comorbidities of this disease has affected his life style. The reason behind of his health decline is not only the type 2 diabetes mellitus but also the comorbidities such as glaucoma, hypertension, chronic kidney failure and obesity. However, his negligence of diet chart and medicines has lead to the deterioration of his health. Therefore, it can be said that with a better diet chart, medicines and involvement in proper exercise procedure, he will be able to recover himself from the current state. Recommendations After reviewing the current state of Luigi, he is recommended to follow a proper diet chart along with a proper exercise routine. He is recommended to adhere to his medication strictly and also intake medicines for the chronic disease as well as comorbidities. He must control his blood sugar level strictly and avoid using NSAIDS. Reference ACCORD Study Group. (2010). Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.The New England journal of medicine,362(17), 1575. Bangalore, S., Kumar, S., Lobach, I., Messerli, F. H. (2011). Blood pressure targets in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired fasting glucose observations from traditional and bayesian random-effects meta-analyses of randomized trials.Circulation,123(24), 2799-2810. Carter, P., Gray, L. J., Troughton, J., Khunti, K., Davies, M. J. (2010). Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bmj,341, c4229. Chen, L., Magliano, D. J., Zimmet, P. Z. (2012). The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellituspresent and future perspectives.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,8(4), 228-236. DeFronzo, R. A., Cersosimo, E., Mandarino, L. J. (2011). Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 6. Group, T. A. S. (2010). Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.The New England journal of medicine,362(17), 1563. Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., ... Matthews, D. R. (2012). Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).Diabetologia,55(6), 1577-1596. Ismail-Beigi, F., Moghissi, E., Tiktin, M., Hirsch, I. B., Inzucchi, S. E., Genuth, S. (2011). Individualizing glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications of recent clinical trials.Annals of internal medicine,154(8), 554-559. Kohei, K. A. K. U. (2010). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy.JMAJ,53(1), 41-46. Lee, W. J., Chong, K., Ser, K. H., Lee, Y. C., Chen, S. C., Chen, J. C., ... Chuang, L. M. (2011). Gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.Archives of surgery,146(2), 143-148. Malik, V. S., Popkin, B. M., Bray, G. A., Desprs, J. P., Hu, F. B. (2010). Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk.Circulation,121(11), 1356-1364. Nouwen, A., Winkley, K., Twisk, J., Lloyd, C. E., Peyrot, M., Ismail, K., ... European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium. (2010). Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia,53(12), 2480-2486. Qaseem, A., Humphrey, L. L., Sweet, D. E., Starkey, M., Shekelle, P. (2012). Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.Annals of internal medicine,156(3), 218-231.